Strategic closed-loop supply chain configuration in the transition towards the circular economy of EV batteries: an evolutionary analytical framework

Purpose This study advocates the importance of taking an evolutionary perspective in strategic configuration closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) transition to a circular economy. Building on chain management and industrial dynamics research domains, analytical framework was developed applied empirical context ongoing e-mobility. Design/methodology/approach is designed as in-depth exploratory case capture multi-layer dynamic complexities their interplay CSLC development. The investigation based two-year interactions between authors various departments leading European heavy vehicle manufacturer. proposed used for investigating four CLSC configurations through ten possible trajectories. Findings findings demonstrate that evolution each comes with multiple challenges requirements point out necessity co-development technologies, product design production, infrastructure long-term relationships among key actors. However, this journey associated dilemmas caused by uncertainties market technology developments. All these factors were properly captured critically analyzed, along interactions, thanks constructs included framework. Research limitations/implications applicable examination SC transformation development, particularly relevant transitioning from linear CLSC. offers single actor perspective, it does not directly tackle effects actions taken Practical implications can support managers identifying, framing, comparing alternative strategies process. Originality/value proposes understanding guiding process Its uniqueness lies integration concepts innovation theories coming SCM literature streams.